They simplify in the limit of a stationary field pulses of long duration and a small gradient. The general expression for the ponderomotive force in a homogeneous medium moving with uniform velocity is obtained. We use the term ponderomotive effect to refer to the wider family of phenomena caused by the nonlinear lorentz force of propagating mhd waves, and in this paper we primarily consider the speci. Magnetization of a warm plasma by the nonstationary ponderomotive force of an electromagnetic wave.
The naming convention used for the optical elds is shown on the right side of gure 2. The ponderomotive force of an electromagnetic wave in a. The protocol is based on the possibility to exploit such force for a local quantum nondemolition measurement of the total excitation number of continuous variable entangled pairs. Is there any way to force the users download manager to start a download for.
A new fluidtheory derivation of the timedependent ponderomotive force is presented in the oscillationcentre representation. We derive the force exerted in the background plasma by an arbitrary distribution of non interacting quasiparticles, corresponding to. Sometimes people like einstein, lorentz and maxwell use this phrase. A new theory of ponderomotive forces exerted by high frequency electromagnetic waves on a vlasov plasma is presented. I have tried looking it up several times but can never find an answer that explains what is meant by this phrase. In this letter, we propose a theory that explains the chaotic regimes in loudspeakers reported in the literature, as a consequence of ponderomotive force resulted from the nonlinear coupling between two of those different time scales. The timedependent ponderomotive force sciencedirect. Relativistic ponderomtive force acceleration of electrons in weak. However, a careful analysis leads to the conclusion that, even for these cases, the net magnetic work is zero. Motion in oscillating fields university of texas at austin. Pfcja8419 kinetic theory of the ponderomotive force near gyroresonance by vladimir b.
Osa general relativistic ponderomotive force in a moving. Ponderomotive squeezing of light department of physics. On the basis of the theory, we discuss design directions on how to avoid the chaotic behaviors. Introduction the ponderomotive force, produced by a high frequency electromagnetic eld whose intensity varies in space over a scale length long compared to the particle oscillation amplitude in the wave, is a fundamental concept in. The result is generalized to the relativistic case of the wellknown expression for the gaponovmiller force acting on an electron at rest. Ponderomotive forces an overview sciencedirect topics. The expressions obtained for the relativistic ponderomotive forces are very complicated in the general case. Ponderomotive interaction with single electrons plane. Ponderomotive entanglement purification, physics letters a. Using 3 and 7, the magnetic field component of the wave may be obtained. In 7, the upper lower sign refers to the right left circularly polarized wave. We recover the usual results for the relativistic ponderomotive force of a photon gas, and we derive the force, due to weak interactions, exerted by the electronneutrinos in a background medium containing electrons, positrons and neutrons with arbitrary distribution functions. Observations on the ponderomotive force strathprints. Air force contract f3361581k 1426p00005 and in part by nsf grant ecs 83430.
Pdf influence of the radio frequency ponderomotive force. Nonlinear ponderomotive force by low frequency waves and. Ponderomotive force in the presence of electric fields nasa. Ponderomotive forces and the filamentation of electromagnetic radiation. Nonlocal theory of relativistic ponderomotive force in. Ponderomotive force disambiguation page providing links to topics that could be referred to by the same search term this disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title ponderomotive. If one uses the atomic unit of electric field, then the ponderomotive energy is just. Pdf comment on ponderomotive force due to neutrinos. Krapchev june 1984 this work was supported in part by u.
In strongfield laser physics, ponderomotive energy is the cycleaveraged quiver energy of a free electron in an electromagnetic field. Ponderomotive definition is tending to produce movement of a body used of mechanical forces of interaction between electric currents and magnetic fields. Beside such processes, it is known that the inhomogeneous electromagnetic field leads to ponderomotive forces that can enhance the ionic diffusion. The general covariant derivation of the ponderomotive force is given. The basic mechanism involves acceleration of electron by the axial gradient in the ponderomotive potential of the laser. Finescale cavitation of ionospheric plasma caused by. Ponderomotive force as a cause for chaos in loudspeakers.
Give me an example of what this force is and how it works. For plasma physicists, the ponderomoti ve force has one very important property it drives the positive and negative particles in the same direction, and so gives a. The ponderomotive force is an important concept in plasma physics and, in particular, plays an. The ponderomotive forces can create a driving force for the ions and charged vacancies diffusions especially near the surfaces or. The ponderomotive forces are made up of four different kinds of forces. A kinetic approach to the ponderomotive force a kinetic approach to the ponderomotive force dasgupta, b tsurutani, b.
An expression containing both the classical as well as the spininduced ponderomotive force is derived. Influence of the radio frequency ponderomotive force on anomalous impurity transport in tokamaks. The derivation of the ponderomotive force due to neutrinos by hardy and melrose, phys. The possibilities of electron acceleration by ponderomotive force of a circularly polarized laser pulse in magnetized quantum plasma have been explored. But a next important step was the discovery by william thomson 1845later lord kelvinof how electrically uncharged bodies can be moved by electric fields with what is called a ponderomotive force. This force can be thought of as arising from the added plasma pressure produced by the oscillatory motion of charged particles in a strong electromagnetic field. We show that this force can be given as a series of inhomogeneity indicators of the. A nonuniform magnetoelectric coupling generates a magnetoelectric ponderomotive force that could be distinguished from the purely electric or magnetic ponderomotive. The concept of a ponderomotive force due to the intrinsic spin of electrons is developed. Their conclusions also contain an erroneous physical assumption related to the neutrino emission in supernovae. The contribution of magnetic monopoles to ponderomotive forces in. Since the ponderomotive force is a pressure force associated with electromagnetic.
Thus, the combined effect of ponderomotive forces should be to form an f einduced density cavity bounded by a small, f iinduced density ridge. The ponderomotive force in several special cases is discussed and compared with the previous results. Pdf ponderomotive force in the presence of electric fields. Spin contribution to the ponderomotive force in a plasma. Ponderomotive forces represent a useful analytical tool to describe plasma acceleration. Since the ponderomotive force plays a fundamental role in a variety of problems in. A kinetic approach to the ponderomotive force, geophysical. Oscillationcentre fluid theory of the ponderomotive force journal of.
Ponderomotive force in the presence of electric fields. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline viewing. However, for a single particle, the ponderomotive force is in the direction of the gradient. Interaction with single electrons plane wave laboratory frame average rest frame finite pulse duration ponderomotive force summary 3 interaction with single electrons motion of an electron in an electromagnetic plane wave. It causes the particle to move towards the area of the weaker field strength, rather than oscillating around an initial point as happens in a homogeneous field. A new theory of ponderomotive forces on a vlasov plasma. The ponderomotive force is independent of the sign of the charge, so both electrons and ions can be confined in the same potential well.
The results are used to demonstrate that an electromagnetic pulse can induce a spinpolarized plasma. Electron acceleration by ponderomotive force in magnetized. The contribution of magnetic monopoles to ponderomotive forces in plasmas. In physics, a ponderomotive force is a nonlinear force that a charged particle experiences in an inhomogeneous oscillating electromagnetic field. Ponderomotive entanglement purification ponderomotive entanglement purification mancini, stefano 20010122 00. It is clear that the oscillation centre experiences a force, called the ponderomotive force, which is proportional to the gradient in the amplitude of the wavefield. Our expression for the ponderomotive force differs from analogous results obtained in guglielmi et al. Ponderomotive force 489 and je70, the amplitude at z 0, is constant in time. Chapter 1 introduction to the ponderomotion processes and. Furthermore, in section 4, a similar procedure is performed to obtain the ponderomotive force acting on magnetic monopoles mainly owed to. The goal of this derivation is to be able to describe the optical eld outputted at the dark port of the interferometer. This is a nonlinear force formulated as a quadratic expression of the force quantities of electrostatic fields. Pdf magnetization of a warm plasma by the nonstationary.
Observations on the ponderomotive force spie digital library. Interaction with single electrons plane wave orbits 52115. Degenerate fourwave mixing mediated by ponderomotive force driven plasma gratings. Interfacial ponderomotive force in solids leads to field. Pdf enhanced ponderomotive force in graphene due to. In physics, a ponderomotive force is a nonlinear force that a charged particle experiences in an. Can someone tell me in laymens terms what is a ponderomotive force. Unlimited ponderomotive force in a moving plasma with critical density is predicted.
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